Read either document 22-1President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress for a Essay

Read either document 22-1President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress for a Declaration of War or Eugene V. Debs Attacks Capitalist Warmongers - Essay Example It was the war between Central Powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Triple Entente composed of the Russian Empire, France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which had become the World War I with the decision of the USA to support the Triple Entente. In this essay I will analyze the reasons behind such a decision of the American government within the context of similar decisions in favor of war that the USA waged in historical retrospective of a couple of decades preceding American participation in the World War I. After the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America announced on July 4, 1776 and final settlement of controversies between the States during the American Civil War that took place from 1861 to 1865, the American government started to work more closely on such issues as foreign policy. The geopolitical strategy of the United States was marked with expansionist aspirations at the end of the 19th century. These aspirations gained considerable popularity within the American society after the victory of the United States in Spanish-American War in 1898, which resulted in the decision of Spain to cede Philippines, which had once been Spanish colonies in the Pacific Ocean, to the United States. Neglecting the will of the nation of Philippines for independence from any foreign rule, the leaders of Spain and the USA signed the agreement that made Philippines a part of American sphere of influence, which led to Philippine-American war. It is important to understand the reas ons why the U. S. government decided to wage this war in foreign land and how the President of the USA justified this decision because, in my opinion, it was somewhat aligned with the reasons behind the decision of the American government to enter the World War I. When the Philippine-American war broke out, the public opinion in the USA as to the necessity to send American troops to Philippines was

Parents Should not be Punished for Their Childrens Crimes Essay - 7

Parents Should not be Punished for Their Childrens Crimes - Essay Example They believe that the behavior that children have comes from many sources such as school, friends, media and neighborhood (Rude 1). These groups of people argue that parents are not to blame, children learn from each other and they tend to have more influence on each other compared to the influence that parents may have on them (Rude 2). For instance, my 8 year old nephew had a problem in school. He broke a glass in the school’s restroom and when 8-year-old kid him ‘why did you do that?’ he said, ‘my friend told me to do that!’ Therefore, he acted according to what his friend told him and not what his parents might have taught him. This is an indication that children may not always follow what their parents teach them, they have a lot of influence from other sources (Rude 2). Although Children do not have sufficient knowledge on what is good or harmful for them, it is the responsibility of the parents to adequately guide them. For example, most of the time, children will say what they hear, regardless of whether it is good or bad. However, older people know what is good or bad and should offer guidance. If a child knows that they are likely to be punished for saying or doing certain things, they will not do them. Although it may be hard for them to know the difference between right and wrong, parents are old enough to evaluate everything and they should guide them. Thus, parents should not be totally blamed for their children’s mistakes, even though they remain the most influential people in a child’s life (Rude 1).

Health Care Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Care Ethics - Essay Example McWay (2010) argues that it is the sole responsibility of the health practitioners to ensure that all manner of information that relates to the patients’ background information is concealed. Studies indicate that maintaining confidentiality is one of the best antidotes towards a successful healing process for the client. This is in relation to the fact that, clients feel completely relaxed and secure while disclosing information that relates to their medical predicaments. In cases where clients have had nasty experiences with nurses or any other health practitioners, who disclose their medical conditions, such patients were recorded to conceal crucial information, that would otherwise contribute a great mile towards their healing process. This is an interpretation of great tasks that, health practitioners have to undertake in an attempt not only to safeguard their jobs but also, to make patients’ healing process trouble-free. This essay shall highlight the importance of safeguarding patients’ information by the health practitioners. The essay shall also attempt to undertake a study on the ethical and legal implications of breaching the terms and conditions of health care ethics, that works on the basis of safeguard of patient’s information. In his work, he continues to argue that, if there arises a need for disclosure of information on the patients’ medical history, the patient has the right to be aware of the kind of information being portrayed to any other parties. Once patients feel comfortable, studies indicate that majority tend to disclose information, which ultimately leads to quick and certain medication by the medical practitioners. Disclosure and maintenance of patients’ medical background information, as health care ethics, involves protection and impositions by law. Harman (2006) indicates, that a great percentage of health practitioners are aware of the fact, that patients have a right to file lawsuits in case they feel that, their rights are infringed by medical physicians. In the context of revealing information, other than committing suicide by the client, patients have a right to demand explanations in regard to infringing on their privacy in other contexts. Analysts believe that in such instances, there is no exception; the health practitioner has to compensate the patient or offer tangible explanations on the reasons behind their actions. However, studies indicate that in such cases, patients end up taking the case. This is an interpretation of the weightiness of this health care ethics. At times, health practitioners are at a risk of losing their jobs over the disclosure of patients’ information, especially in cases where health practitioners have no tangible evidence of their actions. There have been numerous arguments on the protection of patients’ information as legally binding.

Media law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Media law and ethics - Essay Example In today’s modern world where there is the rule of information, Media holds a huge responsibility in the aspect of State politics, culture and economics. The role of media cannot be separated from masses living out in a multi-cultural system. In UK, where media holds a distinctive position, have a close relationship with customs of the State. Media which exercise the right of freedom of speech, uncovers all the special events taking place in the general public, in the parliament or in the secretariat office (Kieran, 1998). It automatically becomes the responsibility of journalism and journalists to deliver the right message and right information to the public, in order to avoid any misinterpretation or create big misunderstandings. The role of media in UK has always remained under criticism, as there had been events in the past which portrayed the negative image of journalism and journalist’s rule in the region. There had been stories which brought curiosity into the pu blic (Kieran, 1998). Princess Diana before her death had been a continuous target for media intrusion in her life to which she confronted to the British press that she wanted privacy in her private life of her sons and herself. The press was anxious to take pictures of Princess Diana with Dodi Fayed who was the son of Mohammad Fayed, a wealthy owner of Harrods. Princess of Wales had claimed before that she had been harassed by freelance photographers who would sell photographs to media and then they would leak their picture which was clear intrusion in her private life. Even after the divorce from Prince of Wales, Princess Diana did that entire she could do to appeal from journalist to leave her and her children alone to get along with their lives. Princess Diana was so irritated with journalists’ intrusion that she jumped out of the car and took the ignition key from the journalist bike from preventing them from following. Even in the night when Princess Diana died, the reas on for her death was the chasing of the media journalist of her car. The presence of Paparazzi in the place of the incident and tried to take photographs of Princes Diana raised concerns over privacy laws and freedom for press in Great Britain (Crook, 2010). The case of Milly Dowler, a thirteen year old girl, who got kidnapped and murdered, is one of the main incidents which can never be forgotten. The story raises a lot of questions that never had been answered by the journalism’s community in the true essence (Peck, 2010). An investigation made by the Surrey police in 2002, reported strict involvements of journalists in the murder of the 13 year old girl, Milly Dowler. After Dowler’s disappearance, her phone got hacked, and nobody knew where the girl was and she was not even answering the phone (Leigh, 2012). News of the World Journalists became part of the story, when Surrey Police identified them as distracters of the ongoing investigation. There were many journali sts who were found guilty on the hacking of Dowler’s phone and the deletion of instant voicemail messages (Get Surrey, 2012). It brought a serious questioning on the face of media of that time and still today has been set as a weird example for the rest of the journalism community (Leigh, 2012). The deliverance of

Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Discussion Board - Assignment Example By investigating and considering the diets of a suspect, psychiatrists, who always help establish the mental stability of suspects, readily establish the motives of the suspects thereby influence the entire judicial process. The phrase â€Å"Twinkie defense† portrays the importance of behavior analysis in court cases. In the trial of Dan White, a former police officer in San Francisco in 1979, the psychiatrist observe that the police officer killed the two victims involuntarily an was suffering from depression. Such determinations arose from the fact that White fed on junks a feature that portrayed his emotional and mental instability. The junks were therefore a symptom of the suspect’s psychological stability. The explanation changed the justice system as the judge later fund White guilty of manslaughter but not murder (Weiss, 2010). Briefly, observing diets among other external factors is vital process of psychoanalysis that helps determine the mental stability of people. In judicial processes, such observations are important since they prove the motives of the various actions. Observing such features is therefore vital inclusion in court proceedings that influence the effectiveness of the entire

Scientific Method Essay Example for Free

Scientific Method Essay RESEARCH DESIGN: Research design is a blue point or detail plan for how a research study is to be conducted operationalizing variables they can be measure selecting and testing hypothesis. DEMOGRAPHY: The word demography derived from Greek word â€Å"Demas† means the people and â€Å"Grapho† means to draw or write. So the word demography means to draw or write about people. Demography is the scientific study of population. It draws on several components of population including size, composition and territorial distribution, to understand the social consequences of population change. Demographers study demographical variations and historical trends in their effort to develop population forecast. They also analyze the structure of a population- the age, gender, race and ethnicity of its members. A key figure in this analysis was Thomas Malthus. According to Multilingual Demography dictonary â€Å"Demography is the scientific study of human population with respect to their size, structure and developemnt.† The components of demography including population size, territorial distribution geographical variations â€Å"the age, gender, sex, race and ethnicity.† ELEMENTS OF DEMOGRAPHY: 1. Birth Rate: Number of live birth per 1000 population in a year. 2. Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1000 population in a year. 3. Growth Rate: Growth rate means the difference between births and deaths rates per 1000 population in a given year. 4. Total Fertility Rate: The average number of children born alive to any women, assuming that she can forms to current fertility rate. 5. Longivity: Longivity means the lifetime of a people up to death. 6. Life Expectancy: Life expectancy means the median number of years a person can be expected to live under a current mortality conditions. 7. The Infarty Mortality Rate: Is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1000 live births in a given year. EDUCATION SYSTEM: Education system is a basic rights of people. It is a learning process or traning process how a person learn about culture, sociolization, behaviour and attitude. According to Plato- â€Å"Education is the hermonious development of body, mind and soul† According to A.W.Green- â€Å"Historically education means the conscious traning of the young for the later adaption of adult roles.† FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION: * To complete the sociolization process. * To trnasmit central heritage. * Formulation of social personality. * Reformation of attitude. * Occupational placement. * To ensure achieved status. * Encourage the sprit of completation. * To ensure better standard of behaviour. * Increase social awarness. * Democratic participation. MALTHUS THEORY OF POPULATION: Thomas Robert Malthus was born in 1766 and died in 1834. His major books is â€Å"The Eassys on the principle of population.† published in 1798. He was famous for his population theory name Malthus theory of population. Malthus  helds that the worlds population was growing more rapidly than the people population. He argued that food supply increases in order the prograssion 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10, whereas population growth increases expands by the way of Geomatric prograssion 1-2-4-8-16-32-64-128-256. According to Malthus analysis the Gap between food production and population growth increasing single way to double unit. As a result a country population will double in every 25 years. Over population creat great problem in the standard of living and way of life in a country. According to Malthus there are two way to control population growth. 1. Positive Check: When a country will over populated then the natural desester such as flood, cyclone, drought, crope failure and another, war, riot automatically control population. 2. Preventive Check: People willingly control population by using contraceptine, date marriage, birth control, prevent early marriage and polygumy marriage, another control free sexual life. CRITISISM: 1. Malthus said that population control by positive check, but natural disester never happen frequently in the over populated country. 2. He argued that food production increase arithmatic rate, but modern science and technology, machinary, hybrid seeds food production increase into double rate. 3. Malthus never think that proper education population will be resource, migration, skill, experience increase population standard of living. SOCIAL CHANGE According to H.T Majamdar- â€Å"Social change may be defined as a new fashion or made either modifying the old in the life of a people.† According to Machiver and Page- â€Å"Social change refers to a process responsive many types of change in the man made condition of life, change in the attitude and beliefs of man. The control to the biological and physical nature of things.† According to Kingsley Davis-â€Å" Social change means only such alternatives as occur in social organization that is structure and functions of society.† CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE: 1. Social change is continuous 2. Social change is temporary 3. Social change is environmental 4. Social change is humanistric 5. Social change is short term vs long term 6. Social change is planned/unplanned 7. Social change is objetive 8. Social change is reactive 9. Social change is interaction of human 10. Social change is behaviour THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE: 1.Evalutionary theory: Evalutionary theorist argue that society change from simple to complex situation by the process of evalution. Social change means progress the change of positive and benificial whwrw society reach higher level of cevilization. CONFLICT THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE: Conflict theories highlited that society change from simple to complex by the process of conflict. Conflict is essential for every society. There is no society or country in the world without conflict. Conflict motivated people gather together for achieving their objectives. CONFLICT THINKER: According to Karl Marx- â€Å"All the history in the world is the history, of classes struggle.† He also said that conflict existing in the society between two classes- 1. Owner class a. Rich people b. Bourgious 2. Non owner class- Poor people. always conflict because owner class exploit non owner class. As a result non owner class occure violance against owneer class for achieving their objectives. MARKS TYPE OF SOCIETY: 1. Premitive society 2. Slavary society 3. Feudalism society 4. Capitalism 5. Socialism According to George Simmel- â€Å"Conflict occure in the society and people influence or motivated to joined conflict because of achieved their rights.†Ã‚  Capitalism society always influence people to conflicting situation. FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE: Functional theory highlighted that society from simple to complex by the changing of societies functions. In simple society One institution done various types of function. Ex- Family=Family function is economics, recreation, production, reproduction education, cultural and religious etc. But in the complex society various institution established for doing various types of function, because of capitalism influence people to creat artificial demands, as a result demand basis institution developed fulfilling such kind of demand. POWER AND AUTHORITY: Power means ability to control others. Here power means political power which is related to authority and politics to control or rulling the country.  Authority refers to institutionalized power that is recognizied by the people over whom it is excercised. Another sociologist used authority commonly connection with elected or publicly acknowladge position. TYPES OF AUTHORITY: 1. Traditional Authority: Refers to the legitimate power by custom and accepted practice. Here custom and tradition is the symbol of power. Ex- King and queen of UK, Tribal Chief. 2. Rational Legal Authority: Refers to power exercise by written rules and regulations of political systems such as constitutions. 3. Charismatic Authority: Refers to power made legitimate by a leder exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his/her followers. Charismatic leaders who commanded the personal loyality a large number of citizen in a country. Ex- Nelson Mendela. MIGRATION: Migration refers to the change of individual permanent residence to new reisdence from one place to another place for better life style, better education, better job, better security and better standard of living. TYPES OF MIGRATION: 1. Internal Migration: Internal migration is within the country when individual change permanent residence from village to city, one district to another. Ex- Khulna to Dhaka 2. International Migration: When individual change permanent residence from one country to another country for better life style, better education, better job, better security and better standard of living. Ex- Bangladesh to USA FACTORS OF MIGRATION: There are two major factors in migration- 1. Pull Factors: Pull factors means when individual are influence to change his permanent residence to new residence for better life style, better education, better job, better security and better standard of living is called pull factors. Ex- * Job security *Educational Facilities. *Green Environment. *Safety and Social security. *Stabdard of living. *Stable political culture. 2. Push Factors: Push factors means individual are influence to change his permanent residence to new residence for war, riot, social crisis, natural disester, flood, river errosson, cyclone, drought and another lack of security food crisis etc. SOCIALISM Socialism is a form of economic system where production, distribution and consumption as well as industry owner everything is controlled by the central government, that is called socialism.  Here everybody will get the job according to his/her educational qualification and everyone get facilites according to their demand. Ex- China, Russia, Argentina, South Korea. CHARACTERISTIC OF SOCIALISM: 1. Public ownership 2. Governmental distribution 3. Public limited company 4. Public/Governmental profit 5. National development policy 6. National service 7. Job security 8. Social security 9. Sustainable development 10. Governmental regulation 11. Absent of individual property 12. Proper distribution of wealth CAPITALISM: Capitalism is a form of economic system where production, consumption and distribution as well as industry owner profit loss everything is the individual level ownership, that is called capitalism. CHARACTERISTIC OF CAPITALISM: 1. Private ownership 2. Private profit-loss 3. Individual industry 4. Labor expotation 5. International trade 6. International investment 7. Global market 8. Open market economy 9. Income inequality 10. Income difference between rich and poor 11. Lack of job security 12. International corporation. COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR: Collective behaviour is the relatively spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a group of people who are reaching to a common influence in an ambigues situation. Numors are a form of collective behavior. It is public opinion. People reactions to shared events such as war and election. FORMS OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR: 1. Crowds 2. Panic 3. Mobs 4. Rumors 5. Urban Legends 6. Fashion 7. Public opinion 8. Mass hystoria 9. Propaganda 10. Fads FACTORS OF FERTILITY IN BANGLADESH: There are two factors- 1. Biological Factors a. Fertility age (14-49) b. Physical illness c. Willingly interact d. Abortion e. Use contraceptic 2. Social Factor- f. Early marriage g. Late marriage h. Polygamy marriage i. Desire son j. Depends on old age TYPES OF GOVERNMENT: 1. Monarchy: Monarchy is a form of government where single member of a royal family usually a king or queen or some other heridetary ruler are the suprime authority of a country. Ex- Saidi Arabia. 2. Oligarchy: Oligarcy is a form of government where few individual are the ruler of a country. The ruler are royal family which is the family tradition selected ruler one of the another. Ex- Tribal chief, Ancient Greek 3. Dictatorship : Dictatorship is a form government in which one person has nearly hold total power to make and enforce law/Marshal law/Military rules. Here decision making and another all state issue controled on handling by the specific ruler. 4. Democracy: Democracy is the form of government where political system established by the participator of parlament member with election process. Here people elected parlament member by their voting rights. According to Abraham Linkon- â€Å"Democracy is the government of the people by the people and for the people.† GLOBALIZATION: Globalization refers to the expansion of global linkage and the growth of global consciousness among economic(Production, Consumption, Distribution), sicual, political and cultural transformation whole over the world. Here globally connected that is called global village which is performs faster communication, technology and cultural heritage among the countries. ELEMENTS OF GLOBALIZATION: 1. The expansion of global market 2. Transformation of global politics 3. The emergence of new social and political movement ADVANTAGE OF GLOBALIZATION: 1. Increase economic growth 2. increase the efficiency of global business 3. Benifits to consumer 4. Gains to owner of multinational corporation 5. Higher standard of living 6. Capital inflow to poor countries 7. Increase total export of develop countries 8. Open market economy DISADVANTAGE OF GLOBALIZATION: 1. Reduction in economic growth 2. Increase inequility 3. Huge jobless 4. Downward pressure of wages 5. Supervision from international organization 6. Reduction of social protection 7. Threating environment

Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology

Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology Title: Radiographic evaluation of soft palate morphology and correlation with gender on lateral cephalograms Introduction: The soft palate is the posterior fibro muscular part of the palate that is attached to the posterior edge of the hard palate.1 It participates in most of the oral functions, especially in velopharyngeal closure which is related to the normal functions of sucking, swallowing and pronunciation.2 The palate is formed by the fusion of three components; the two palatal processes and the frontonasal process. At a later stage, the mesoderm in the palate undergoes intramembraneous ossification to form the hard palate. However, the ossification does not extend into the most posterior portion which remains as the soft palate. Early references concerning the objective measurements of the soft palate have been done by investigators for assessment of speech, function and the upper airway structures.3-11 Although these continued efforts toward the dimensional analysis of the soft palate and its surrounding structures have been made, little attention has been paid to the variety of soft palate morp hology and configuration. Image of the soft palate on lateral cephalometry appears to have various morphologies in normal individuals, in contrast to the only one kind published in the literature. Pepin et al found the ‘‘hooked’’ appearance of the soft palate in patients who were awake, which indicated a high risk for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.12 The purpose of the present study is to investigate the variation of the soft palate morphology and the proportional differences of the soft palate between the two gender groups. This study can be helpful for understanding the various morphologies of the soft palate in the median sagittal plane on lateral cephalograms. These findings may be used not only as references for the normal soft palate, but also for cleft reconstruction and the etiological research of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and other conditions. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal. Instructional ethical committee approval was obtained for the study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals subjected to radiographic examination for orthodontic purpose were retrieved for the study from the archives of departments of Oral Medicine and Radiology and Orthodontics. A total of 100 digital lateral cephalograms of normal healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females) who were aged 15-45 years were retrieved from November 2014 to February 2015. All the subjects who had normal speech and function were included in this study. Radiographs of good quality and visibility of soft palate were included. Patients with facial or palatal deformities or facial trauma were excluded. Poor quality radiographs and radiographs with incomplete details were also excluded. All lateral cephalograms were taken using orthopantomograph (Planmeca) with a tube potential adjusted to optimize the contrast. All the images on the radiographs were observed and classified into 6 types by 2 radiologists independently according to You M et al., (2008).1 The six types of morphology of the soft palate are as follows: Type 1: ‘‘leaf shape’’, which was lanceolate, indicated that the middle portion of the soft palate elevated to both the naso and the oro-side Type 2: when the soft palate showed that the anterior portion was inflated and the free margin had an obvious coarctation, the radiographic appearance was described as having a ‘‘rat-tail shape’’ Type 3: a ‘‘butt-like’’ soft palate showed a shorter and fatter velum appearance, and the width had almost no distinct difference from the anterior portion to the free margin Type 4 indicated that the image of the soft palate presented a ‘‘straight line shape’ Type 5: the distorted soft palate, presented the S-shape Type 6 revealed a ‘‘crook’’ appearance of the soft palate, in which the posterior portion of the soft palate crooks anteriosuperiorly The pattern of the soft palate on the digital lateral cephalograms was highlighted with curve tool in Microsoft power point. The assessment of the soft palate morphology was carried out twice by two radiologists. Since there were no differences in classification between the two radiologists, reliability was considered to be acceptable. All the analysis was done using SPSS version 18. A p-value of Results: A total 100 radiographs were studied for shapes of soft palate out of which 50 were males. The age of the subjects was 20.91Â ±3.63 with age range of 18 – 45 years. Type 1 was most commonest shape of the soft palate (30%) followed by Type 6 (19%), Type 2 and 3 (17% and 17%), type 4 (11%) with least being type 5 (6%) (Figure 1). A total of 50 male and 50 female radiographs were used for our study. Among males, Type 1 was the commonest (38%) followed by type 6 (22%), Type 2 and 3 (14 and 14) with least being type 4 and 5 (6 and 6%) respectively. In females, Type 1 (22%) was the commonest followed by type 2 and 3 (20 and 20%), type 4 (16%), type 6 (16%) with least being type 5 (6%). However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of shape of soft palate between males and females (p=0.312) (Table 1). Table 1: Comparison of shape of soft palate between males and females Chi-square test Discussion: Cephalometric analysis is one of the most commonly accepted techniques for evaluating the soft palate in both normal individuals and those with cleft palate. Cephalometry is a relatively inexpensive method and permits a good assessment of the soft tissue elements that define the soft palate morphology and its surrounding structures.1,8 Much of the former research that studied the soft palate and its surrounding structures was aimed at providing some information on diagnosis, prediction and treatment in individuals with cleft palate. The soft palate plays a large role in velopharyngeal closure, which refers to the normal apposition of the soft palate with the posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls. It is primarily a sphincteric mechanism consisting of velar and pharyngeal components. The movement separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during deglutition and speech. When the velum and lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls fail to separate the two cavities, velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) occurs.1 In our study, the leaf-shaped soft palate was the most frequent type, which is an expected finding since this type was previously described as a classic velar morphology in the literature. This was in accordance with the previous studies reported in the literature.1,13-15 However, Type -2 (Rat tail shaped) was reported to be commonest by Praveen et al., 2011.16 While the S-shape was seen in only few cases, it can be supposed that the number of subjects in the investigation was not large enough. The S-shape, which was described as a hooked appearance of the soft palate by Pepin et al.,17 was found in 5.8% subjects in our study. They hypothesized that soft palate-hooking plays a key role in pharyngeal collapse, since hooking results in a sudden and major reduction in the oropharyngeal dimensions, which therefore dramatically increases upper airway resistance and the transpharyngeal pressure gradient. Pepin et al., therefore concluded that hooking of the soft palate in awake patients in dicates a high risk for OSAS.17 In our study, the difference between gender didn’t exist in the comparison of the proportion of the various morphology of soft palate. This was similar to that reported by Praveen et al., 201116 while previous study by You et al.1 reported gender differences, wherein type 2 and 3 were significantly less in females than males. Type 1 was the most comments type among males and females in our study which was followed by type 2 and 3. This was similar to the study reported by Kruthika S et al., 2012.15 This classification can help us better understand the diversity of the velar morphology in the median sagittal plane. These findings can be used as references for the research of velopharyngeal closure in cleft palate individuals and for aetiological research of OSAS and other conditions.